Other Bunyaviruses & Diseases
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Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus
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Endemic in Asian countries such as China and Japan
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First isolated virus in 2009 in China
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Virus is part of the Phlebovirus genus
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Emerging virus in Asia -- being researched extensively
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Proposed mode of transmission is via ticks
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California Encephalitis Virus
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First discovered in Kern County, California, where a high percentage of individuals are seropositive
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Virus is part of the Orthobunyavirus genus
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The virus leads to an inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)
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Transmitted via a mosquito vector
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La Crosse Encephalitis Virus
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80-100 cases per year in the United States
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Cases primarily occur between early spring and late fall
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Maintained in a cycle of transmission between Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts such as chipmunks and squirrels; humans represent a dead-end host.
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Virus is part of the Orthobunyavirus genus
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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
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HPS is a severe respiratory disease in humans, often seen in the Americas; it is also caused by a hantavirus
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Rodent-borne disease; no interpersonal transmisson
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Can be fatal, with a mortality rate of 38%
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An example of an outbreak was in 1993 with the Sin Nombre Virus in the southwestern United States
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Early symptoms include fatigue, fever, and muscle aches
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Later symptoms include coughing and a shortness of breath
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No treatment or cure, though patients are given oxygen therapy during respiratory distress.
Treatment & Prevention:
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No human vaccination presently available for use in the U.S. against Bunyaviruses
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Treatment primarily consists of fluid replenishment, maintaining body functions
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Ribavirin has been used as an antiviral against certain Bunyaviruses
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Preventive measures reducing exposure to vectors like mosquitoes or tickets (via DEET, avoiding endemic areas, educating about viral transmission, etc.) can help to reduce Bunyavirus infections

Selected Page Bibliography:
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"An Overview of Arboviruses and Bunyaviruses." Alatoom. LabMedicine. 2009.
Fields Virology, 6th Edition, Chapter 42: Bunyaviridae
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"An Overview of Arboviruses and Bunyaviruses." Alatoom. LabMedicine. 2009.
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"Chapter 56: Bunyaviruses." Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8004/
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"Bunyaviridae." Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/virus-families/bunyaviridae.html
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"A highly pathogenic new bunyavirus emerged in China." Nature Emerging Microbes & Infections. 2013. http://www.nature.com/emi/journal/v2/n1/full/emi20131a.html
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"La Crosse Encephalitis." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/lac/tech/epi.html
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"California Serogroup Viruses." Wisconsin Department of Health Services. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/arboviral/californiaserogroup.htm
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"California encephalitis virus, a newly described agent." Hammon & Reeves. California Medicine. 1952. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13009479
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"How People Get Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hps/transmission.html